Abstract Methemoglobinemia is a pathological condition characterised by the oxidation of haemoglobin’s ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) to ferric iron (Fe³⁺), impairing its ability to transport oxygen. In sickle cell disease (SCD) and other disorders, oxidative stress and redox imbalances promote excessive methemoglobin (MetHb) formation, worsening hypoxia and tissue damage. This paper explores the biochemical mechanisms driving […]