Abstract Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a severe hereditary blood disorder that affects millions worldwide, primarily individuals of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian descent. The disease is characterised by the presence of abnormal haemoglobin S, leading to sickling of red blood cells (RBCs), vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), and organ damage. Historically, treatment options have been […]
Category Archives: Pain Management
Abstract Nerve pain, particularly from conditions like arthritis and sciatica, impacts millions of people globally. Understanding the root causes of these conditions from a molecular and cellular perspective provides key insights into how these disorders develop and progress. This paper explores the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that contribute to nerve pain, focusing on the causes […]
Abstract Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is a widespread condition often dismissed as part of normal menstruation. However, understanding its root causes—from hormonal imbalances and energy spin disruptions at the atomic level to the impact of chemicals in food, cosmetics, and the environment—can provide pathways to effective treatment. This report explores the physiological, biochemical, and energetic contributors […]
